Politics Transformed? Electoral Competition under Ranked Choice Voting

Abstract

We compare multi-candidate elections under plurality rule versus ranked choice voting (RCV). In our framework candidates choose whether to target a narrow segment of voters, or instead pursue a broad campaign that appeals to the entire electorate. We show that RCV can intensify candidates’ incentives to pursue a targeted rather than a broad strategy. The opportunity to win voters' second preferences without being their most-preferred candidate can strengthen this incentive. Our results challenge widely held contentions about the benefits of adopting RCV.