Political Cycles of Media Repression

Abstract

We analyze media repression in Putin’s Russia (2004-2019), a smart dictatorship that mimics democratic institutions, notably free elections and a relatively free press, but disallows them to work as an effective accountability mechanism. Using unique granular data on journalist harassment and the preset and staggered timing of local elections, we show strong political cycles of media repression. Employing monthly data on media tonality, we find that media repression before elections leads to more favorable news reporting. By disciplining the press predominantly during election times, smart dictators can uphold the image of competence and democratic rule while securing their power.