Cultural Crossroads: Gender Roles and Family Dynamics in Post-WWII Taiwan

Abstract

The 1949 Kuomintang (KMT) retreat brought 1.2 million political refugees to Taiwan, increasing the population by 20% in just a few years. This migration was distinct due to its predominantly male (80%) and elite composition. Upon arrival, migrants established Juancuns, unique housing communities. This research uses historical records of Juancuns and modern survey data to examine how the influx of single elite males influenced local women's intra-household relationships and gender norms. Findings show that early exposure to migrants correlates with higher marriage satisfaction, greater bargaining power, and more equitable household labour division for women. However, no significant changes were observed in traditional gender norms, such as son preference. Intermarriages and government-supported facilities, like cultural centres and the Women's League, emerged as mechanisms fostering progressive family interactions. These findings shed light on how migration shapes gender roles and family structures, emphasising the importance of institutional support in promoting societal change.